Bijapur Sultanate

Muslim kingdom of the Deccan in India, founded in 1489 by Yusuf Adil Shah, believed to be a descendant of the Ottoman emperor Murad II. One of the five kingdoms to succeed the Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1518), it emerged when Adil Shah declared autonomy as the governor of the Bijapur province of the Bahmanis. Under the Adil Shahi dynasty the kingdom spanned the western Deccan, with its capital at Bijapur (now Vijayapura), and extended as far south as Mysuru. It flourished particularly under the reign of Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1579–1626), known for his religious tolerance and cultural patronage. Some of the most significant Islamic architecture in the Deccan was conceived in the Bijapur Sultanate, including the Gol Gumbaz (1659) and the Ibrahim Rouza (1628). Though frequently warring with neighbouring sultanates, the sultanate allied once with the Bidar, Golconda and Ahmadnagar sultanates to overthrow the Vijayanagara kingdom in the Battle of Talikota (1565); in 1619, it annexed Bidar. The sultanate eventually fell to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1686.