A monastic order comprising bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns), it is one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism. From the Sanskrit and Pali words sangha, meaning “association” or “assembly.”
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Vishnudharmottarapurana
An ancient Hindu encyclopaedic text consisting of three khandas (parts), it deals with a wide range of subjects, including cosmology,…
Brihat Samhita
A Sanskrit text written by the astronomer Varahamihira in the sixth-century CE, during the Gupta period. Primarily centred on astrology,…
Hiranya
A Sanskrit term meaning “golden.”
Rigveda
Earliest extant text from the Vedic corpus, dated roughly between 1700 and 1200 BCE. Like the other Vedas, the Rigveda…
Timurnama
A richly illustrated manuscript created in the sixteenth century during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605), it…
Vedas
A body of religious texts composed in Sanskrit and considered the oldest scriptures in Hinduism. There are four primary texts…
Newar (language)
Language of the Newar people, indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala. Newar is a Tibeto-Burman language from the Sino-Tibetan family. It…
Padshahnama
The illustrated official history of the reign of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Compiled in the mid-seventeenth century, it contains…