Kharoshthi

An ancient writing system used in parts of present-day central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India for official documents and commercial purposes. Its use is dated from the fifth century BCE to the third or fourth century CE.

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Newar (language)

Language of the Newar people, indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala. Newar is a Tibeto-Burman language from the Sino-Tibetan family. It…

Brihat Samhita

A Sanskrit text written by the astronomer Varahamihira in the sixth-century CE, during the Gupta period. Primarily centred on astrology,…

Tathata

A central concept in Buddhism that denotes the essential or true nature of reality, which is beyond the range of…

Jataka

A large collection of approximately 550 stories about the Buddha’s former lives in both human and animal form. The stories…

Satyagraha

A form of non-violent resistance pioneered by MK Gandhi. It translates to "an appeal for truth" and is based on…

Moksha

Also called vimoksha, vimukti, mukti and nirvana, it is an Indian philosophical concept that signifies liberation from the cycle of…

Karma

A philosophical concept in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, and a spiritual principle of cause and effect wherein the actions…

Shaivite Upanishads

A body of fourteen Upanishadic texts dedicated to Shaiva traditions and practice, which expound on the worship of the Hindu…