Thuparamaya Stupa, Sri Lanka's earliest documented Buddhist temple, dating to the arrival of Buddhism to the island; Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; 247–207 BCE. Photograph: Devani Jayakody (2019), Wikimedia Commons

Meaning the “Way of Elders” in Pali, it is the major Buddhist sect in Sri Lanka, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. This school follows in the tradition of the senior Buddhist monks or theras of the religion, much like the first sangha or community of Buddhism. It considers the Tripitaka, or the primary Pali-language texts, as its doctrine on the teachings of the Buddha.