Coffin of Ali being carried on a camel with his sons watching, folio from the Falnama of Ja'far al-Sadiq; Qazvin, Iran; 1550–65; Ink, opaque watercolour, and gold on paper; 56.7 x 42.8 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

The second largest denomination of Islam after Sunnism, Shi’ism is believed to have originated in 632 CE in Medina, present-day Saudi Arabia, following the death of Prophet Muhammad. Within Shi’ism, Ali, the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, is considered his rightful successor.