The court of Kayumars, folio from the Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp; Sultan Muhammad; Safavid dynasty; Iran; 1522–25; Gouache, ink and gold on paper; 34.5 x 22.5 cm. Photograph: Aga Khan Museum, Wikimedia Commons

The Shahnama (Book of Kings) is an epic poem that was composed by Firdausi in 1010 CE and comprising around sixty thousand couplets.Featuring an adventurer-hero protagonist, it was developed as a painted manuscript by several rulers, most notable of which is the Shahnama manuscript of Shah Tahmasp (r. 1524–76), the Safavid ruler.