Chiaroscuro

Untitled, known as A Philosopher giving that lecture on the Orrery, in which a lamp is put in place of the sun or the Orrery; Joseph Wright of Derby; c. 1766; Oil on canvas; 147.2 x 203.2 cm. Photograph: Hohum (2016), Wikipedia Commons

A technique used in the visual arts to represent strong contrasts of light and shadow and emphasise three-dimensional space and figural modelling. It came to prominence in the fifteenth century through the works of Leonardo da Vinci and became popular in Europe by the sixteenth century. From the Italian, meaning “light-dark.”