Head of Buddha; Gandhara; Pakistan; 3rd century CE; Schist. National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

One of the thirty-two lakshanas within Buddhist iconography, the ushnisha is an oval arrangement of hair on top of the Buddha’s head, which denotes his wisdom. It is different from the topknot, which was a hairstyle worn by members of royalty.