Mah Laqa Bai dancing in the court of Raja Rao Rambha Bahadur; Khushhal Khan; Deccan, India; 1799. Photograph: University of Pennsylvania Libraries, Wikimedia Commons

A dancer, singer or entertainer trained in Hindustani classical music, ghazals, dance forms such as Kathak, literature and shayari (poetry). They were also considered to be experts in etiquette and catered primarily to Mughal and Nawabi nobility and courtiers in Northern India. From the Hindi and Urdu word tavayaf, meaning “courtesan.”