Nataraja; Chola period; Tamil Nadu, India; 11th century; Copper alloy; 68.3 x 56.5 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

A form of dance codified in the Natyashastra, an ancient treatise on the performing arts. The tandava carries divine associations, particularly with the Hindu god Shiva. Dependent on the mood of the performance, the tandava can be joyous, violent, grievous or destructive.