Madhavrao Ballajirao Peshwa; Bhoj Raj; India; 1760–1800; Watercolour, gouache, pen and black ink, and gold on paper; 21 x 11.4 cm. Yale Center for British Art, Connecticut

The head of the advisory council of the Maratha kingdom. While it was originally an appointed role, the office of the peshwa became hereditary and assumed the status of de facto leaders of the confederacy, with the king retaining only nominal authority. Their authority declined with the arrival of the East India Company.