Vidyashankara Temple at the Sringeri Sharada Peetham, where Vidyaranya served as jagadguru (chief) c. 1374–80; Karnataka, India. Photograph: Ashok Prabhakaran (2010), Wikimedia Commons

Vidyaranya Swami (b. 1296; d. 1391), popularly known as Madhavacharya, was the author of the Hindu philosophical text Sarvadarshanasangraha and the Panchadashi, a manual on Advaita Vedanta (Hindu spiritual discipline). He was believed to have played a vital role in the establishment of the Vijayanagara empire, although this has since been refuted as a political myth.