Kandahar inscription; Afghanistan; 3rd century BCE. Photograph: Pataliputra (2016), Wikimedia Commons

A bilingual edict, written in Greek and Aramaic, dating to c. 260 BCE. It is the earliest known rock edict of the emperor Ashoka, preceding all other known inscriptions of the ruler by ten years. The edict was discovered during excavation work near the site in 1958.