Vayu, riding a bejewelled gazelle and holding a dhvaja; Company school; Thanjavur, India; c. 1814; Gouache painting on paper; 25 x 19.3 cm. The Trustees of the British Museum

Meaning ‘banner’ or ‘flag’ in Sanskrit, dhvaja also refers to a high flag-bearing column erected at the entrance to a temple or a shrine in the Buddhist and Vedic Hindu tradition. The dhvaja also functions as a military standard, and variations of the tradition can be found in Tibetan architecture.