Abu'l-Fazl presents Akbar with the second volume of the emperor's biography (detail); Govardhan; Mughal; Agra, India; 1603–05; 43.1 x 26.1 cm . Chester Beatty, Dublin

An official in Akbar’s court, Abu’l Fazl (b. 1551; d. 1602) was a close confidante of the emperor and wrote the official history of his regnal period, the Akbarnama. He was also a grand vizier and one of the navaratnas (nine jewels) in the court.